Hola a todos:
¿Alguien puede orientarme?
Estoy buscando información sobre el grupo de buceadores de combate "Gamma" pertenecientes a la X Flotilla MAS italiana.
Un saludo y gracias.
Solicito información grupos Gamma.
Moderadores: José Luis, PatricioDelfosse
¡Hola, Rice!
Tienes buena bibliografía, al menos en inglés. Por ejemplo, Jack Greene, Alessandro Massignani, The Black Prince and the Sea Devils: The Story of Valerio Borghese and the Elite Units of the Decima MAS (First Da Capo Press edition 2004).
Esperando que sepas leer inglés te he copiado unas hojas del libro mencionado.
[Meanwhile, training for another important group continued. Named the “gamma men” after the “G” in guastatori (assault engineers), this group came out of the 1935 trials seeking to build on Paolucci’s experience and ideas from World War I. The first training sessions resulted in interesting information for the submarine crews, but less for the drivers, who, “walking” on the seafloor carrying a heavy explosive charge, could only manage a speed of 500 meters per hour. Given the short time span that the Davis breathing apparatus provided in 1935-36, and the fact that the sea bottom was generally muddy, the tests were not satisfactory. Nevertheless, the gamma men would later be used from neutral Spain to attack nearby Gibraltar.
(…) With technological advances in their equipment, the gamma men became a dangerous weapon. They no longer walked on the sea bottom with heavy shoes; instead, after exiting the submarine, they swam with fins to the target ship armed with limpet mines. Much lighter than the SLCs, these explosives were named bauletti (little trunks), or cimici (bugs). They had to be light so that the frogmen could swim longer distances with them. Weighing about 4.5 kg, the “bugs” worked on a timer that could be set for between one and six hours by simply turning a spring, and a frogman could carry five of them at once on his belt. They resembled eggs and could be attached to the ship’s hull directly or in an inflated bag filled with air. A magnetic clamp was eventually developed, but too late to be effectively employed before the armistice.
The bauletti were cylinders containing a more powerful explosive, a charge of some 12 kg of Nipolit. The cylinders could be tied to a ship’s bilge keels and were activated when the ship left harbor and reached a speed of 5 knots. At that point, a screw was freed and began to turn, causing, after a certain number of rounds, the trigger to hit the charge. Because the explosion occurred in the open ocean, it was difficult for investigators to determine the cause-which could have been a torpedo or even a mine. Moreover, the increased depth of the water at the site of the explosion usually assured the definitive loss of the ship. Later, when the British began to react by inspecting the hull of their ships, the charges were fitted with booby traps to prevent their removal.] (pp. 30-32)
Sobre su primera operación en Gibraltar:
[The first operation under Borghese’s overall command carried out by the gamma men was at Gibraltar on July 14, 1942. The Olterra base was still under construction but was nevertheless used as a base for the operation, which employed a team of twelve frogmen: Sublieutenants Agostino Straulino and Giorgio Baucer, and Petty Officers Alfredo Schiavoni, Alessandro Bianchini, Giovanni Lucchetti, Vago Giari, Evideo Boscolo, Bruno Di Lorenzo, Rodolfo Lugano, Carlo Bucovaz, Carlo Da Valle, and Giuseppe Feroldi.
They were shipped in two groups. Six were sent to Betasom, the Italian submarine base at Bordeaux, and from there, helped by Italian secret agents, passed the Pyrinees border, partly on foot and partly on trucks with a false bottom, until they reached Madrid. The other six acted as sailors of the merchantman Mauro Croce who “defected” at Barcelona. They went on to Madrid after being denounced as deserters by the cargo crewmen, who were not aware of their secret. All twelve were then sent to the Fulgor by car. From there, they cautiously made their way to the Olterra, as the Spaniards controlled the access to Algeciras Bay and had to at least act as if they were trying to stop the Italian operations, although their secret police helped the Axis.
There they found Visintini and could observe their targets on the enemy base. Finally, on the night of July 12, following various routes to avoid the British watch, the frogmen arrived at Villa Carmela, where they could examine their equipment and study the target ships. The operation, named “GG-1,” would involve sinking some of the numerous cargoes that were in the bay.
The gamma men were very lucky. Neither the numerous Spanish Carabineros nor the British counterintelligence agents spotted their movements. At 0030 on July 14, the frogmen exited from the villa and reached the beach following a prepared trail and slipped through the patrols of Spanish guards.
Each of the assault swimmers was equipped with three explosive charges and swam in the bay very slowly to avoid British surveillance. Boats were patrolling the waters of the bay, and intermittent depth charges were continuously launched.
The frogmen did their work, and by 0320 the first two men came ashore at the point where they had entered the water. Three Italian agents were waiting to rescue them. Despite the difficulty of seeing a man in the water at night at a distance of more than 6 or 7 meters, seven of the swimmers were captured by the Carabineros. They were freed later, thanks to the intervention of the Italian vice consul at Algeciras, Commander Germanico Bordigioni. One frogman went ashore near the La Linea bridge and reached the Italian consulate undetected. The others arrived back at the home base.
The results were slightly disappointing, as the charges apparently failed to work properly. Four ships were damaged by the explosions: the Meta, displacing 1.575 tons; the Shuma, of 1.494 tons; the Empire Snipe, of 2.497 tons; and the Baron Douglas, of 3.899 tons. But none of the ships were sunk, and they were quickly grounded on the shore to avoid the total loss of their cargoes. Two frogmen were wounded, one by the explosion of a depth charge, and the other by the screw of a British patrol boat. However, all the frogmen eventually returned safely to Italy.] (pp. 116-117)
Saludos cordiales
José Luis
Tienes buena bibliografía, al menos en inglés. Por ejemplo, Jack Greene, Alessandro Massignani, The Black Prince and the Sea Devils: The Story of Valerio Borghese and the Elite Units of the Decima MAS (First Da Capo Press edition 2004).
Esperando que sepas leer inglés te he copiado unas hojas del libro mencionado.
[Meanwhile, training for another important group continued. Named the “gamma men” after the “G” in guastatori (assault engineers), this group came out of the 1935 trials seeking to build on Paolucci’s experience and ideas from World War I. The first training sessions resulted in interesting information for the submarine crews, but less for the drivers, who, “walking” on the seafloor carrying a heavy explosive charge, could only manage a speed of 500 meters per hour. Given the short time span that the Davis breathing apparatus provided in 1935-36, and the fact that the sea bottom was generally muddy, the tests were not satisfactory. Nevertheless, the gamma men would later be used from neutral Spain to attack nearby Gibraltar.
(…) With technological advances in their equipment, the gamma men became a dangerous weapon. They no longer walked on the sea bottom with heavy shoes; instead, after exiting the submarine, they swam with fins to the target ship armed with limpet mines. Much lighter than the SLCs, these explosives were named bauletti (little trunks), or cimici (bugs). They had to be light so that the frogmen could swim longer distances with them. Weighing about 4.5 kg, the “bugs” worked on a timer that could be set for between one and six hours by simply turning a spring, and a frogman could carry five of them at once on his belt. They resembled eggs and could be attached to the ship’s hull directly or in an inflated bag filled with air. A magnetic clamp was eventually developed, but too late to be effectively employed before the armistice.
The bauletti were cylinders containing a more powerful explosive, a charge of some 12 kg of Nipolit. The cylinders could be tied to a ship’s bilge keels and were activated when the ship left harbor and reached a speed of 5 knots. At that point, a screw was freed and began to turn, causing, after a certain number of rounds, the trigger to hit the charge. Because the explosion occurred in the open ocean, it was difficult for investigators to determine the cause-which could have been a torpedo or even a mine. Moreover, the increased depth of the water at the site of the explosion usually assured the definitive loss of the ship. Later, when the British began to react by inspecting the hull of their ships, the charges were fitted with booby traps to prevent their removal.] (pp. 30-32)
Sobre su primera operación en Gibraltar:
[The first operation under Borghese’s overall command carried out by the gamma men was at Gibraltar on July 14, 1942. The Olterra base was still under construction but was nevertheless used as a base for the operation, which employed a team of twelve frogmen: Sublieutenants Agostino Straulino and Giorgio Baucer, and Petty Officers Alfredo Schiavoni, Alessandro Bianchini, Giovanni Lucchetti, Vago Giari, Evideo Boscolo, Bruno Di Lorenzo, Rodolfo Lugano, Carlo Bucovaz, Carlo Da Valle, and Giuseppe Feroldi.
They were shipped in two groups. Six were sent to Betasom, the Italian submarine base at Bordeaux, and from there, helped by Italian secret agents, passed the Pyrinees border, partly on foot and partly on trucks with a false bottom, until they reached Madrid. The other six acted as sailors of the merchantman Mauro Croce who “defected” at Barcelona. They went on to Madrid after being denounced as deserters by the cargo crewmen, who were not aware of their secret. All twelve were then sent to the Fulgor by car. From there, they cautiously made their way to the Olterra, as the Spaniards controlled the access to Algeciras Bay and had to at least act as if they were trying to stop the Italian operations, although their secret police helped the Axis.
There they found Visintini and could observe their targets on the enemy base. Finally, on the night of July 12, following various routes to avoid the British watch, the frogmen arrived at Villa Carmela, where they could examine their equipment and study the target ships. The operation, named “GG-1,” would involve sinking some of the numerous cargoes that were in the bay.
The gamma men were very lucky. Neither the numerous Spanish Carabineros nor the British counterintelligence agents spotted their movements. At 0030 on July 14, the frogmen exited from the villa and reached the beach following a prepared trail and slipped through the patrols of Spanish guards.
Each of the assault swimmers was equipped with three explosive charges and swam in the bay very slowly to avoid British surveillance. Boats were patrolling the waters of the bay, and intermittent depth charges were continuously launched.
The frogmen did their work, and by 0320 the first two men came ashore at the point where they had entered the water. Three Italian agents were waiting to rescue them. Despite the difficulty of seeing a man in the water at night at a distance of more than 6 or 7 meters, seven of the swimmers were captured by the Carabineros. They were freed later, thanks to the intervention of the Italian vice consul at Algeciras, Commander Germanico Bordigioni. One frogman went ashore near the La Linea bridge and reached the Italian consulate undetected. The others arrived back at the home base.
The results were slightly disappointing, as the charges apparently failed to work properly. Four ships were damaged by the explosions: the Meta, displacing 1.575 tons; the Shuma, of 1.494 tons; the Empire Snipe, of 2.497 tons; and the Baron Douglas, of 3.899 tons. But none of the ships were sunk, and they were quickly grounded on the shore to avoid the total loss of their cargoes. Two frogmen were wounded, one by the explosion of a depth charge, and the other by the screw of a British patrol boat. However, all the frogmen eventually returned safely to Italy.] (pp. 116-117)
Saludos cordiales
José Luis
"Dioses, no me juzguéis como un dios
sino como un hombre
a quien ha destrozado el mar" (Plegaria fenicia)
sino como un hombre
a quien ha destrozado el mar" (Plegaria fenicia)
Un poco más de bibliografía:
William Schofield, P.J. Caribella, Frogmen First Battles (Branden Books, 2005)
Ufficio Storico, Marina Militare, La marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale. Vol. XIV. I mezzi d’assalto (Rome, 1972)
Lazzer Ricciotti, La decima Mas (Milan: Rizzoli, 1984)
Erminio Bagnasco y Marco Spertini, I mezzi d’assalto Xª MAS, 1940-1945 (Parma: Ermanno Albertelli, 1991)
Saludos cordiales
José Luis
William Schofield, P.J. Caribella, Frogmen First Battles (Branden Books, 2005)
Ufficio Storico, Marina Militare, La marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale. Vol. XIV. I mezzi d’assalto (Rome, 1972)
Lazzer Ricciotti, La decima Mas (Milan: Rizzoli, 1984)
Erminio Bagnasco y Marco Spertini, I mezzi d’assalto Xª MAS, 1940-1945 (Parma: Ermanno Albertelli, 1991)
Saludos cordiales
José Luis
"Dioses, no me juzguéis como un dios
sino como un hombre
a quien ha destrozado el mar" (Plegaria fenicia)
sino como un hombre
a quien ha destrozado el mar" (Plegaria fenicia)
Finalmente, aquí tienes un buen enlace en italiano sobre los grupos gamma:
http://www.anaim.it/s_leopoldo.htm
Ciao
JL
http://www.anaim.it/s_leopoldo.htm
Ciao
JL
"Dioses, no me juzguéis como un dios
sino como un hombre
a quien ha destrozado el mar" (Plegaria fenicia)
sino como un hombre
a quien ha destrozado el mar" (Plegaria fenicia)
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Complementando la info del amigo Jose Luis.
Algunos enlaces en italiano
http://www.xflottigliamas.it/
http://incursori.wordpress.com/2007/06/ ... duzione-2/
http://www.regiamarina.net/xa_mas/gibra ... tar_it.htm
Alguno en español
http://www.zweiterweltkrieg.org/phpBB2/ ... php?t=1625
http://www.exordio.com/1939-1945/milita ... mas-2.html
Si quieres buscar enlaces relacionados pon en Google X flottiglia MAS o también Gruppo gamma regia marina puedes pillar cantidad de enlaces en italiano
Algunos enlaces en italiano
http://www.xflottigliamas.it/
http://incursori.wordpress.com/2007/06/ ... duzione-2/
http://www.regiamarina.net/xa_mas/gibra ... tar_it.htm
Alguno en español
http://www.zweiterweltkrieg.org/phpBB2/ ... php?t=1625
http://www.exordio.com/1939-1945/milita ... mas-2.html
Si quieres buscar enlaces relacionados pon en Google X flottiglia MAS o también Gruppo gamma regia marina puedes pillar cantidad de enlaces en italiano
No hay ningún viento favorable para quien no sabe a que puerto se dirige.
Schopenhauer
U-historia.com
Schopenhauer
U-historia.com
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minoru genda
- Moderador Honorario
- Mensajes: 3471
- Registrado: Vie Jun 24, 2005 11:25 pm
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Al margen de los enlaces comentar que en Algeciras estuvo el Olterra desde el que operaron los grupos Gamma una afoto de la trampilla de proa por la cual salían los Siluri de corsa lenta o maiale
Fuente: Midget submarines of the second world war
Fuente: Midget submarines of the second world war
No hay ningún viento favorable para quien no sabe a que puerto se dirige.
Schopenhauer
U-historia.com
Schopenhauer
U-historia.com
TEST